Human Trafficking in the UK: Debunking Myths

Human trafficking cases are never pretty. They often leave us wondering where Humanity went to vacation and when we can join her.  Recent news of a UK child sex operation was no exception, but the case added fuel to the fire when commentators drew upon issues of race as the motive for perpetrators and as the explanation behind failure to prosecute by law enforcement. (You can read more about the details of the case in a well-summarized piece by the Guardian here).  

The case highlighted that though human trafficking cases are all tragically in violation of fundamental human rights, they are still never one and the same. In fact, the various misperceptions and preconceived notions at play that often come from only knowing or believing one story – whether the single story of a perpetrator, of a young runaway or of marginalized sexually active youth in general - solidified barriers to exit for victims in this particular situation, leaving us with a handful of myths that warrant immediate debunking.

MYTH #1: THOSE WHO PERPETRATE AND THOSE WHO ARE VICTIMIZED CAN BE CATEGORIZED BY RACE

Media outlets from all over the political spectrum are drawing attention to the fact that the young white victims fell prey to South Asians who saw them as worthless because of their race. Taking it one step further, they also state that law enforcement’s failure to take on the case stemmed from fear of being dubbed racist toward South Asians in general. It is undoubtedly a crucial misstep on the part of law enforcement for not having heeded victims who came forward years ago, whether on account of political correctness or not. However, the nine South Asian men who forcefully engaged young white girls in sex acts simply reinforce the reality that traffickers come in all sizes, shapes and colors, as do victims.

To the various race-based outcries, it is ironic that the case did not break until Nazir Afzal, a prominent British lawyer of South Asian descent, reopened the case upon his appointment as chief crown prosecutor, overturning his predecessor’s decision to decline it.

Regardless, to harp on the questions of whether racial animus against whites motivated the Asian perpetrators of this crime or whether the prosecutors declined the case in the interest of political correctness is to simply fan the flames of a political fire and propagate fears of a racial minority and underclass. Meanwhile, experts have documented that the majority of sex crimes in Britain are committed by white men. For that matter, perpetration and victimization are not sequestered to one racial group, and this case is simply further proof to that end.

MYTH #2:  SEXUALLY ACTIVE YOUTH ARE PROMISCUOUS, AND THEREFORE, NOT CREDIBLE VICTIMS

According to BBC, all five girls who were witnesses in the gang's conviction were known to social services at some stage in their lives. The young girls, who were described as vulnerable because of their “chaotic lifestyles, hanging round kebab shops late at night and befriending the staff who worked there”, should have been on the radar if they were already known within the system. Did their outward reputation render them beyond belief?

Huffington Post contributor Hayley Meachin brings up a critical point when she questions why we only take notice of our vulnerable youth once they are made victims on the books as criminals are convicted. (You can read her thoughts here.) At what point did these social service providers and the community at large let them fall through the cracks?

The systems that failed these girls are not unlike the systems that often fail youth here in the United States and elsewhere, ultimately calling to question what makes vulnerable and disadvantaged youth around the world prone to exploitation and ignored. Perhaps it's time we listen to young people regardless of the social constructs that place them in a rigid binary of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’. How can we break free from looking for one type of person to fit the mold of a so-called ‘credible victim’?

CONCLUSIONS

While demographics, socioeconomic status and family history can make some groups more vulnerable to exploitation than others, efforts to categorize race as a determining factor on either end of victimization or perpetration are wholly misguided. Furthermore, a narrow interpretation of what makes victims credible only further marginalizes youth, leaving them at risk of never believing the system can or wants to help them. 

 

Finally, as with all human trafficking cases, prosecution, protection and prevention are equally important. The delay in prosecution no doubt harmed young women who already faced multiple barriers to a healthy trajectory, but the remaining two parts must be weighed as well if we are to fully understand how we, as a global society, can do better to help our vulnerable youth.

- Summar Ghias

Program Development Intern

Remember when most people agreed that violence against women was a bad thing?

Way back in 1994, Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act through a bipartisan effort led by Vice-President Joe Biden, then a Senator from Delaware. VAWA was the culmination of sustained advocacy from the domestic violence community and law enforcement allies, and provided for critical protections and services for victims of domestic violence.

Since then, VAWA has always received broad bipartisan support. VAWA has also always included protections for immigrant survivors of domestic violence, because, as we all know, abusers of immigrant victims often exploit the victims’ immigration status to intimidate them and prevent them from reaching out to law enforcement or service providers.

Periodically, VAWA must be reauthorized, and this was accomplished without significant incident in 2000 and 2005.  Unfortunately, something is different this year and we are now faced with some of the most dangerous and life-threatening revisions to this law since it was first enacted.

The first bill drafted by the Senate, S. 1925, represents the true and original spirit of VAWA, and it proposes modest expansions of the law to protect some of the most vulnerable victims of domestic violence, such as LGBTQ and immigrant victims.  Domestic violence advocates and experts are calling this version “the REAL VAWA.”

Now, however, some House Republicans are opposing S. 1925, and have proposed an alternative bill, H.R. 4970, also known as the Adams bill. Under the guise of “fraud prevention” (without any existing evidence of systemic fraud), they not only oppose these changes, but they also want to gut existing provisions that have been critical to helping battered immigrants move from violence to safety.

• HR 4970 eliminates crucial confidentiality protections for victims, allowing abusers to continue to manipulate the immigration process as a tool of abuse by providing them an opportunity to block her access to legal status
•  HR 4970 discourages crime victims from cooperating with law enforcement, especially in complex or dangerous criminal investigations or prosecutions, and eliminates stability for vulnerable crime victims by terminating their eligibility for permanent residence
•  HR 4970 omits critical amendments that were included in S. 1925 to prevent serial abuse and exploitation of so-called “mail-order brides” and other immigrating foreign spouses and fiancé(e)s of US citizens, as well as abuse of the visa system.

There is an interesting point about the fraud allegations.  It appears that the leader of an advocacy group called SAVE, which supports the House bill to “curb VAWA immigration fraud,” also has a strong financial interest in keeping immigrant victims of domestic violence vulnerable. Natasha Spivack, the treasurer of SAVE, also owned a for-profit internet marriage brokerage, Encounters International.  According to the Huffington Post, “one of the Russian brides matched by Encounters International sued the firm, claiming that she was beaten by her American husband, that the company failed to properly screen candidates and neglected to tell her about a law allowing immigrants to escape abusive marriages without fear of automatic deportation. A jury decided in favor of the Russian bride and awarded her $434,000 in compensatory and punitive damages. The case was affirmed upon appeal.” For more details about this case, click here.

Let's not get distracted from the importance of passing this life-saving legislation for victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence experts, law enforcement officials, and community members all agree that the Adams bill, H.R. 4970, will be a threat to the safety of vulnerable victims of domestic violence across the country.  S. 1925 is the REAL VAWA.  

To take action, visit 4vawa.org and tell your representatives that a vote for H.R. 4970 is a vote AGAINST VAWA.